Why Your Knee Is Sick: What Reasons To Do

Knee pain is a widespread symptom, indicating pressure in the body - the occurrence of joint disease or only increases the burden of the foot.

It is difficult to find someone who has never experienced pain in the knee in a certain period of life.Discomfort, click or pain with different intensity in the knee joints occur in adults and children for various reasons.The older a person becomes, the higher the possibility of various diseases, the first sign is pain in the knee.This is caused by the characteristics of the body's age: slowing the metabolic process, the wear of joint cartilage tissue, joining other problems with the musculoskeletal system, blood vessels, nerves.

Because of the complex anatomical structure, many significant structures and loads are experienced, and often overloaded, the knee connection is very vulnerable.Damage to any structural element, for example, synovial bags, causes violations of the function of the knee motor and, therefore, pain syndrome.Ligaments and Menishci are considered the most vulnerable, they are injured in 80-85% of cases.

Knee anatomy structure

The knee consists of the knee joint, the distal end of the thigh bone with two tumors and jackets, tibia tubular bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, ligaments, patelas (knee cups), articular bags and meniscus.

The knee joint is one of the large body joints.The femoral bone approached him from above.Articular surfaces of lateral (external) and medial (internal) condyle are articulated with patella and tibia.Menishki, which is an connective tissue cartilage, functions as a shock absorber.Thanks to them, the distribution of rational human weight in the highlands of the tiger occurs and the joint stability increases.Smooth muscles, two-headed, half-headed and other muscles synchronize the structure of capsule ligaments, ensuring the motor activity of the knee joint.

The knee elements are interconnected by many ligaments.Inside the connection there are two cross -shaped ligaments - the back and front.Hobby bones are connected to the fiber bone and tibia with collateral ligaments.The slope of the popliteal ligament is located behind the knee joint exchange.The main synovial capsules, not communicating with joints, are distinguished from a number of articular cavities.Blood supply to the knee elements is carried out by a noble blood vessel tissue, and the nerves are carried out by nerve fibers.

Causes of knee pain

There are many causes of knee joint pain, which can be divided conditionally into several groups.

Traumatic lesions from knee elements:

1. Bitter from the knee.As a result of the gap of blood vessels, local bleeding occurs in joint soft tissue.Redness, swelling, damage to nerve endings cause pain, difficulty in movement.
2. Full or partial ligament rupture.More often, some violations of internal side ligament integrity, which arises from excessive turning on the lower leg, diagnosed.

The external ligament breaks rarely than internal.This is caused by strong deviations from the lower foot inward, when turning the legs for example.The rupture of cross -shaped ligaments must be accompanied by hemarthrosis.

The rupture of the two ligaments is often combined with damage to the joint bag, tearing the inner meniscus.Such injuries cause excess knee joint mobility, accompanied by severe pain, the intensity depends on the gap level.

1. Hemarthrosis of the knee joint - Pour blood into the joint cavity.There are traumatic and non -human nature.The traumatic hemarthrosis was observed with the rupture of the meniscus, the rupture of the ligament, the intraarticular fracture, the bruising in the knee area.Non -human choice is one of the symptoms of a disease characterized by a brief increase in the walls of blood vessels or violations of the blood coagulation system.This includes hemophilia, scurvy, severe hemorrhagic diathesis forms.Blood that has been accumulated in the joint cavity compresses the tissue, interferes with blood circulation in it.Special pigment - Hemosiderin - negatively affects ligaments, hyaline cartilage, synovial bags, which causes loss of elasticity.The results of the bource joint lesion are swelling of the vilil and increased joint fluid production.The result of recurrent bleeding is the distribution and destruction of the joints.
2. Meniscopathy knee - Violation of integrity meniscus knee joint.In lateral form, external meniscus is damaged, with medial - internal.This is one of the most common, but it is difficult to diagnose damage to the knee joints.In the risk zone of disease not only athletes involved in intensive training, but also ordinary people.The rupture of the meniscus can come from an unusual movement that is sharp when turning the body, turning your feet, a strong blow to the knee.
3. Dislocation of knee cups - Pathological transfer of patella.Trauma is diagnosed with no more than 0.7% of cases of total dislocation.More often there is external dislocation, more rarely - internal, very rare - vertical or torque.With incomplete dislocation, the knee cup is determined above the lateral (external) condyle, with full - from the outside of the lateral condyle.
4. The knee joint fracture is closed or open, the top of the lower leg bone or lower spine. Such injuries are often combined with damage to the soft tissue of the knee, causing large -massive bleeding, excessive mobility in the knee area, deformation.

Inflammatory and degenerative-distribution diseases of the knee articular elements:

1. Arthritis - Inflammatory damage to the knee connection.Similar mechanisms for the development of pathology are observed with osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout (with vein deposition into the joints).
2. Osteoarthrosis (gonarthrosis) With the defeat of a non -inflammatory knee joint, it affects all its structures and causes serious degenerative changes.
3. Bursitis With synovial inflammation, the exchange causes pain during bending and extending movement in the knee.
4. Periartritis tendon in the knee joint - Inflammation of the foot of the foot swan, the knee tendon, and the muscles and ligaments around the joints.In this case, the pain occurs especially during the decline of the stairs, especially with a heavy burden, and focuses on the surface of the inner knee.
5. Chondropathy Patella -Regenerative-NON-CHIC Changes in articular surface cartilage (back) patela.The level of destruction can be different: from the area of softening light to cracks and total abrasion.

6. Chondromatosis - Serious chronic diseases due to the dysplastic process with island degeneration from parts of articular membranes in cartilage - Chondrom.Osification of individual cartilage bones is not excluded.
7. Baker cyst - The formation of a dense elastic round tumor formation in Popliteal fossa which is located on the opposite side of Patella.Cysts are clearly visible in an open knee.Causes discomfort, pain in the popliteal area.With a significant size, it squeezes blood vessels and nerves, which causes nervous impaired and blood circulation.
8. Goff disease - A disease, accompanied by damage and further degeneration of the adipose tissue located around the knee joint.Pinches, edema, and other damage to fat cells - adipocytes - end with their replacement with dense fibrous tissue.As a result, the buffer function of the "fat pillow" is disturbed, the adipose tissue itself becomes unable to play the role of shock absorbers.
9. OSGUD -SWERTER DISEASE - Pathology marked by the murder of the Bugrous Tibia.Diagnostics in teenagers from 10 to 18 years playing sports.Painful lumps appear under patella, without treatment, which leads to leg restrictions or complete immobilization, as well as muscle hypotrophy.

Diseases in which irradiation of pain in the knee is possible:

1. Hip joint cocktrosis - Chronic damage to the hip joint, accompanied by progressive degeneration and changes in distribution in it.Often pain spreads on the outer surface of the thigh to the knee or below.
2. Sedular nerve neuropathy - Non -inflammatory damage to the nerves as a result of compression juice or blood vessel spasm.This nerve reaches the feet, starting on the lower back and passes through the tail and pelvis.Blockade at one point for its length causes sensitivity disorders or throbbing pain.
3. Fibromyalgia - Extraordinary defeat of non -inflammatory soft tissue with a combination of symptoms in the form of artralgia, muscle weakness, depression, etc.

Some systemic diseases that cause knee pain:

1. Osteoporosis - Bone Disease Chronic progressive course, changing mineral composition and bone density."Pelindian" calcium from the bone causes fragility.This process is accompanied by smoke or pain that hurts in the body.
2. Tuberculosis bone.Tuberculosis lesions from bone sites cause constant severe pain.
3. Osteomyelitis -A disease that is infectious and inflammation, affects all structural elements of bone.The results of the second, for example, tuberculosis, and non -specifically, more often coccal, osteomyelitis are skin hyperemia, edema, local acute pain in bones and muscles, fever temperature.
4. Some infectious diseases.With reer syndrome, in addition to involving the urogenital channel and eye mucosa, the joints are affected.One manifestation of Lyme's disease is Arthralgia.

Type of knee pain

Depending on the etiology, the nature and intensity of pain can be different.

• Sick.With arthritis, osteoarthrosis.
• Acute, strong.With the fracture of the knee elements, rupture of ligaments, acute buckthrough, knee bruises, meniscopathy exacerbations, deforming osteoarthrosis.
• Throbbing.With deforming arthrosis launched, Meniscus injuries.
• Drilling.With osteomyelitis.
• Stupid.With stern, chronic osteochondritis.
• Burning.With sciatik nerve compression, tuberculosis in the bone.
• Shooting. When pinching the nerve stems.
• Pain when walking.With cysts, buckthrough, arthritis, gonarthrosis, perirthride.
• Pain. With gout, arthritis.

Diagnosis of pathology that causes knee pain

Physical examination:

• collect history and complaints;
• Visual inspection with knee palpation.

Laboratory research:

• Biochemical and clinical blood tests;
• serological blood tests;
• Immunological blood test;
• rheumatological test;
• Bacteriological analysis of synovial fluid.

Invasive Instrumental Method:

• artroscopy;
• joint bag stab;
• Bone biopsy stabs.

Non -Invasive Instrumental Diagnosis:

• knee joint radiography;
• densitometry;
• Ultrasonic joint study;
• MRI or CT.

Knee pain treatment

If the pain in one or both knees of the non -human nature of the event, then you must first switch to the therapist, which, based on patient complaints and objective examination results, will direct to narrow specialists - an orthopedic, rheumatologist, a fleith expert or neurologist.In any case of injury, you need to contact a surgeon or orthopedic trauma.

Treatment in each case is different, depending on the cause of pain, that is, in the type of injury or disease.Every disease has its own regimen treatment.But first, patients must observe some general rules:

• significantly reduces the duration of hiking and remains in the foot during the day;
• Athletes for a while (before recovery) leave the training, and people used to run or jump;
• When increasing pain, really leaving the movement, apply the bandage to fix it from the elastic bandage to the knee;
• Wear bandages or bandages for knee joint immobilization;
• By bruising, cold in the traumatic effect.

Rheumatoid, psoriatic arthritis, systemic autoimmune disease requires serious integrated treatment, carried out for months.Basic therapy consists of immunosuppressors, anti -inflammatory drugs and non -steroidal hormones, gold preparation, etc.

In the treatment of inflammation of the bursitis, painkillers and anti -inflammatory drugs are used.If the infection is detected, the antibiotic course.Therapeutic puncture of the bag is done to eliminate the excess fluid from the synovial cavity and/or the introduction of one of their corticosteroids.This operation helps eliminate chronic inflammation of the brush - excision of synovial bag surgery.

With osteoarthrosis deformation, intra -articular glucocorticosteroid injection, prolonged NSAID intake and effective condrotector.To eliminate pain syndrome, compress with a sexual or bischophyte, ointment and gel with anti -inflammatory effects are prescribed locally.Massage, physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises help.Severe lesions from the knee joint require surgical intervention - endoprostetics joint.

Treatment of osteoporosis consists of taking biphosphonate, calcitonin, calcium preparation, vitamin D, etc.

Meniscus rupture treatment can be conservative or surgery.Conservative therapy consists of analgesics, NSAIDs, hyaluronic acid, chondroprotector.But first -first, joint repositioning is done.

Types of Surgical Interventions:

• Menstructomy;
• Menicctomy partial (incomplete);
• Meniscus transplant;
• artroscopy;
• Arthroscopic stitches from the rupture of the meniscus.

With an injury to the knee, after treatment, the rehabilitation period, which must occur under rehabilitation or orthopedic control, is very important.The doctor will compile an optimal recovery program.The main method of postoperative rehabilitation is therapeutic massage and exercise.Special simulator class is also effective, gradually developing a knee joint.